Functional Outcomes and Gait Analysis of Total Hip Arthroplasty Through Lateral Hardinge Approach and Gluteus Medius-Sparing Approach: A Prospective Study.

Background and objective Hip degenerative joint disease is a common and debilitating musculoskeletal disorder. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a reconstructive hip procedure to relieve this condition through various surgical approaches. This study aimed to compare the functional outcomes between patients undergoing THA using the lateral Hardinge approach and the lateral gluteus medius-sparing approach. Material and methods This prospective study was carried out at a tertiary care institution. Thirty patients with arthritic hip joints were managed with total hip replacement (THR). The patients were allocated into two treatment groups; in group A, 14 patients received a THR by the lateral Hardinge approach, whereas in group B, 16 patients were managed by the lateral gluteus medius-sparing approach. Functional outcomes were assessed by the Harris Hip Score (HHS), and gait analysis was performed. Results The mean age of group A was 39.79 ±14.01 years and that of group B was 37.00 ±14.81 years. The mean length of incision was significantly lower in group B (p=0.001), whereas the mean duration of surgery (p=0.018) and mean contralateral pelvic tilt were found to be significantly lower in group A (p=0.009). No significant difference was found in abductor muscle strength, limb length discrepancy, HHS, pelvic obliquity, and pelvic rotation. Conclusion While functional outcomes were similar in both groups, the group that underwent THA with the gluteus medius-sparing approach had better gait based on lower pelvic tilt.

Full Mouth Rehabilitation for a Patient With Generalized Attrition: The Hobo Technique in Action.

This case report addresses the critical issue of severe tooth wear and its impact on the vertical dimension of occlusion in a 75-year-old patient. The patient presented with worn-down teeth, chewing difficulties, and aesthetic concerns, prompting a comprehensive treatment plan utilizing the Hobo twin-stage technique. The approach involved careful diagnosis, root canal therapy, and the creation of provisional restorations, monitored through an occlusal splint. The prosthetic phase incorporated strategically designed porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, aiming for optimal tooth alignment and balanced movement. The successful outcome not only restored function and aesthetics but also enhanced the patient's confidence. This case underscores the effectiveness of a systematic approach in managing severe tooth wear, emphasizing the importance of regular follow-ups and good oral hygiene for long-term success.

Genome sequencing and functional analysis of a multipurpose medicinal herb Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy).

Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. & Thomson, also known as Giloy, is among the most important medicinal plants that have numerous therapeutic applications in human health due to the production of a diverse array of secondary metabolites. To gain genomic insights into the medicinal properties of T. cordifolia, the genome sequencing was carried out using 10× Genomics linked read and Nanopore long-read technologies. The draft genome assembly of T. cordifolia was comprised of 1.01 Gbp, which is the genome sequenced from the plant family Menispermaceae. We also performed the genome size estimation for T. cordifolia, which was found to be 1.13 Gbp. The deep sequencing of transcriptome from the leaf tissue was also performed. The genome and transcriptome assemblies were used to construct the gene set, resulting in 17,245 coding gene sequences. Further, the phylogenetic position of T. cordifolia was also positioned as basal eudicot by constructing a genome-wide phylogenetic tree using multiple species. Further, a comprehensive comparative evolutionary analysis of gene families contraction/expansion and multiple signatures of adaptive evolution was performed. The genes involved in benzyl iso-quinoline alkaloid, terpenoid, lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were found with signatures of adaptive evolution. These evolutionary adaptations in genes provide genomic insights into the presence of diverse medicinal properties of this plant. The genes involved in the common symbiosis signalling pathway associated with endosymbiosis (Arbuscular Mycorrhiza) were found to be adaptively evolved. The genes involved in adventitious root formation, peroxisome biogenesis, biosynthesis of phytohormones, and tolerance against abiotic and biotic stresses were also found to be adaptively evolved in T. cordifolia.

Metagenomic exploration of Andaman region of the Indian Ocean.

Ocean microbiome is crucial for global biogeochemical cycles and primary productivity. Despite numerous studies investigating the global ocean microbiomes, the microbiome composition of the Andaman region of the Indian Ocean remains largely unexplored. While this region harbors pristine biological diversity, the escalating anthropogenic activities along coastal habitats exert an influence on the microbial ecology and impact the aquatic ecosystems. We investigated the microbiome composition in the coastal waters of the Andaman Islands by 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic shotgun sequencing approaches and compared it with the Tara Oceans Consortium. In the coastal waters of the Andaman Islands, a significantly higher abundance and diversity of Synechococcus species was observed with a higher abundance of photosynthesis pigment-related genes to adapt to variable light conditions and nutrition. In contrast, Prochlorococcus species showed higher abundance in open ocean water samples of the Indian Ocean region, with a relatively limited functional diversity. A higher abundance of antibiotic-resistance genes was also noted in the coastal waters region. We also updated the ocean microbiome gene catalog with 93,172 unique genes from the Andaman coastal water microbiome. This study provides valuable insights into the Indian Ocean microbiome and supplements the global marine microbial ecosystem studies.

The role of implants and implant prostheses on the accuracy and artifacts of cone-beam computed tomography: an in-vitro study.

To assess the accuracy of CBCT in implant-supported prostheses and to evaluate metal artifacts with and without implants or implant prostheses. Accuracy and artifacts were assessed in the dried mandible at three points on the buccal and lingual cortical plates on the mandible's body near the crest and the base. On the buccal cortical plate, these points were labelled as A, B and C near the crest and D, E and F near the base of the body of the mandible. Similarly, points a to f were marked on the lingual cortical plate corresponding to points A to F. The study had two control groups, C0 for physical linear measurement (PLM) and C1 for radiographic linear measurement (RLM) and artifact assessment. There were seven test groups, TG 1 to 7, progressing from a single implant to implant full-arch prosthesis. For accuracy assessment, PLM was compared to RLM. CBCT artifacts were investigated in images integrated at 0.25 mm, 10 mm, and 20 mm at regions of interest on concentric circles at different intersecting angles by comparing grayscale values at C1 and TG1 to 7. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. A significant difference was observed between C0 and C1, and RLM in test groups at the superior axial plane. Similarly, PLM and test RLM in the sagittal plane at A-B, B-C, and D-E were statistically significant. A significant difference between PLM and RLM was also observed in the vertical plane at A-D, B-E, and C-F. Quantification of CBCT artifacts in the presence of implants or prostheses revealed that full-arch prostheses had the highest mean grayscale value, whereas single implants with a prosthesis had the lowest. The mean grayscale change was greatest around the implant and implant prosthesis. The mean grayscale value was maximum at 20 mm voxel integration scales (VIS) and lowest at 0.25 mm. CBCT is a clinically reliable device. Metal in implants or implant-supported prostheses prevents true assessment of the peri-implant area; therefore, lower VIS is suggested in the presence of implants or implant prostheses.

Genome sequencing of Syzygium cumini (jamun) reveals adaptive evolution in secondary metabolism pathways associated with its medicinal properties.

Syzygium cumini, also known as jambolan or jamun, is an evergreen tree widely known for its medicinal properties, fruits, and ornamental value. To understand the genomic and evolutionary basis of its medicinal properties, we sequenced S. cumini genome for the first time from the world's largest tree genus Syzygium using Oxford Nanopore and 10x Genomics sequencing technologies. We also sequenced and assembled the transcriptome of S. cumini in this study. The tetraploid and highly heterozygous draft genome of S. cumini had a total size of 709.9 Mbp with 61,195 coding genes. The phylogenetic position of S. cumini was established using a comprehensive genome-wide analysis including species from 18 Eudicot plant orders. The existence of neopolyploidy in S. cumini was evident from the higher number of coding genes and expanded gene families resulting from gene duplication events compared to the other two sequenced species from this genus. Comparative evolutionary analyses showed the adaptive evolution of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid (PF) biosynthesis pathway and other secondary metabolites biosynthesis such as terpenoid and alkaloid in S. cumini, along with genes involved in stress tolerance mechanisms, which was also supported by leaf transcriptome data generated in this study. The adaptive evolution of secondary metabolism pathways is associated with the wide range of pharmacological properties, specifically the anti-diabetic property, of this species conferred by the bioactive compounds that act as nutraceutical agents in modern medicine.

Application of artificial intelligence approaches to predict the metabolism of xenobiotic molecules by human gut microbiome.

A highly complex, diverse, and dense community of more than 1,000 different gut bacterial species constitutes the human gut microbiome that harbours vast metabolic capabilities encoded by more than 300,000 bacterial enzymes to metabolise complex polysaccharides, orally administered drugs/xenobiotics, nutraceuticals, or prebiotics. One of the implications of gut microbiome mediated biotransformation is the metabolism of xenobiotics such as medicinal drugs, which lead to alteration in their pharmacological properties, loss of drug efficacy, bioavailability, may generate toxic byproducts and sometimes also help in conversion of a prodrug into its active metabolite. Given the diversity of gut microbiome and the complex interplay of the metabolic enzymes and their diverse substrates, the traditional experimental methods have limited ability to identify the gut bacterial species involved in such biotransformation, and to study the bacterial species-metabolite interactions in gut. In this scenario, computational approaches such as machine learning-based tools presents unprecedented opportunities and ability to predict the gut bacteria and enzymes that can potentially metabolise a candidate drug. Here, we have reviewed the need to identify the gut microbiome-based metabolism of xenobiotics and have provided comprehensive information on the available methods, tools, and databases to address it along with their scope and limitations.

Effect of Surface Treatment of Zirconia on the Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) values between zirconia and resin cement compared to untreated specimens. The effects of various surface treatments on the bond strength between zirconia and resin cement were investigated by searching relevant articles on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. A total of 13 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and addressed the research question were selected for statistical analysis. The studies were evaluated for heterogeneity, and a meta-analysis was performed. In total, 13 in vitro studies were included in accordance with the eligibility criteria. All 13 studies consistently demonstrated that silica coating yielded the highest SBS, followed by sandblasting and laser treatments. The meta-analysis using a random-effect model indicated a significant intergroup comparison, except for a few studies. Among the three treatments examined, the silica coating of zirconia was identified as the most effective in enhancing the bond strength between zirconia and resin cement. Further controlled laboratory and clinical studies are necessary to validate these findings and explore additional factors that may influence the effects of these surface treatments.

Assessment of Nutrition Status and Its Effect on Outcomes in Patients With Limb Injuries Using the Subjective Global Assessment as a Screening Tool.

Background Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is a significant problem. This study aimed to assess the utility of the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in predicting the association between serum biomarkers and malnutrition in patients with limb injuries as well as the impact of malnutrition on clinical and radiological bone healing. Methodology This prospective study included 93 patients with limb injuries. Basic demographic details, serum biomarker levels, nutritional status assessed using the SGA, and the correlation of the Radiological Union Shaft Tibia (RUST) score with nutrition status were assessed along with the secondary outcomes. Results According to the SGA, patients were classified into Group A (well-nourished), Group B (moderately malnourished), and Group C (severely malnourished). Serum biomarkers (albumin, hemoglobin, platelets, and total leucocyte count) were significantly higher in Group A than in Group B + C (p < 0.0001). The nutritional status of patients from admission up to six months in Group A was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) compared to Group B + C. The radiological healing according to the RUST score had a negative correlation with C-reactive protein and a positive correlation with various parameters at six months. Conclusions The serum biomarker levels and the clinical and radiological bone healing, as measured by the RUST scoring system, showed a positive correlation with the nutritional status of the patients. Malnutrition significantly increases the chance of developing complications such as wound infection, decubitus, and infected implants.

Genome of Phyllanthus emblica: the medicinal plant Amla with super antioxidant properties.

Phyllanthus emblica or Indian gooseberry, commonly known as amla, is an important medicinal horticultural plant used in traditional and modern medicines. It bears stone fruits with immense antioxidant properties due to being one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C and numerous flavonoids. This study presents the first genome sequencing of this species performed using 10x Genomics and Oxford Nanopore Technology. The draft genome assembly was 519 Mbp in size and consisted of 4,384 contigs, N50 of 597 Kbp, 98.4% BUSCO score, and 37,858 coding sequences. This study also reports the genome-wide phylogeny of this species with 26 other plant species that resolved the phylogenetic position of P. emblica. The presence of three ascorbate biosynthesis pathways including L-galactose, galacturonate, and myo-inositol pathways was confirmed in this genome. A comprehensive comparative evolutionary genomic analysis including gene family expansion/contraction and identification of multiple signatures of adaptive evolution provided evolutionary insights into ascorbate and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways and stone fruit formation through lignin biosynthesis. The availability of this genome will be beneficial for its horticultural, medicinal, dietary, and cosmetic applications and will also help in comparative genomics analysis studies.

High-quality genome assemblies provide clues on the evolutionary advantage of blue peafowl over green peafowl.

An intriguing example of differential adaptability is the case of two Asian peafowl species, Pavo cristatus (blue peafowl) and Pavo muticus (green peafowl), where the former has a "Least Concern" conservation status and the latter is an "Endangered" species. To understand the genetic basis of this differential adaptability of the two peafowl species, a comparative analysis of these species is much needed to gain the genomic and evolutionary insights. Thus, we constructed a high-quality genome assembly of blue peafowl with an N50 value of 84.81 Mb (pseudochromosome-level assembly), and a high-confidence coding gene set to perform the genomic and evolutionary analyses of blue and green peafowls with 49 other avian species. The analyses revealed adaptive evolution of genes related to neuronal development, immunity, and skeletal muscle development in these peafowl species. Major genes related to axon guidance such as NEO1 and UNC5, semaphorin (SEMA), and ephrin receptor showed adaptive evolution in peafowl species. However, blue peafowl showed the presence of 42% more coding genes compared to the green peafowl along with a higher number of species-specific gene clusters, segmental duplicated genes and expanded gene families, and comparatively higher evolution in neuronal and developmental pathways. Blue peafowl also showed longer branch length compared to green peafowl in the species phylogenetic tree. These genomic insights obtained from the high-quality genome assembly of P. cristatus constructed in this study provide new clues on the superior adaptability of the blue peafowl over green peafowl despite having a recent species divergence time.

Dentistry in the Digital Age: Embracing Blockchain Technology.

Blockchain technology can revolutionize the dental industry by offering secure and efficient data management and patient care solutions. This editorial explores how blockchain can benefit dentistry, including enhancing data security and privacy, streamlining interoperability, facilitating supply chain management, and empowering patients. Blockchain ensures tamper-proof and authorized access to patient data, enabling dentists and patients to have peace of mind regarding data security. Interoperability between dental systems can be improved through blockchain, allowing seamless data exchange and care coordination. By leveraging the transparency and immutability of blockchain, supply chain management in dentistry can be enhanced to ensure the authenticity of dental products. Moreover, blockchain empowers patients by granting them control over their healthcare data, promoting transparency and trust in the dental industry. However, challenges such as scalability, energy consumption, regulatory compliance, and data governance need to be addressed for successful implementation. Collaboration among stakeholders, education, and the development of regulatory frameworks are crucial for maximizing the benefits of blockchain technology in dentistry. By embracing blockchain, the dental industry can create a future where patient care is secure, efficient, and patient-centric.

Reclaiming the Smile: Full Mouth Rehabilitation of a Generalized Attrition Patient Using the Hobo Twin-Stage Technique.

This clinical report details the successful rehabilitation of a 63-year-old male patient with severe tooth wear, a reduced vertical dimension of occlusion, and esthetic concerns. The Hobo twin-stage procedure addressed these issues while improving the patient's oral health and quality of life. After ensuring adequate oral hygiene, the treatment began with scaling and root planning, followed by diagnostic impressions. An occlusal splint was fabricated, followed by a diagnostic wax-up and tooth preparation. Full-arch impressions of prepared teeth were made using the addition of silicon elastomeric impression material, and chairside provisional crowns were fabricated. The working casts were mounted on a semi-adjustable articulator, and the metal copings were tried on before being built up in porcelain. The patient achieved successful outcomes and expressed satisfaction with the treatment. The Hobo twin-stage technique and porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns can be viable approaches for restoring the teeth's form and function while enhancing the patient's oral health and esthetics. However, regular follow-up appointments and good oral hygiene maintenance are essential for the long-term success of the treatment.

GutBug: A Tool for Prediction of Human Gut Bacteria Mediated Biotransformation of Biotic and Xenobiotic Molecules Using Machine Learning.

Dietary components and bioactive molecules present in functional foods and nutraceuticals provide various beneficial effects including modulation of host gut microbiome. These metabolites along with orally administered drugs can be potentially bio-transformed by gut microbiome, which can alter their bioavailability and intended biological or pharmacological activity resulting in individual or population-specific variation in drug and dietary responses. Experimental determination of microbiome-mediated metabolism of orally ingested molecules is difficult due to the enormous diversity and complexity of the gut microbiome. To address this problem, we developed "GutBug", a web-based resource that predicts all possible bacterial metabolic enzymes that can potentially biotransform xenobiotics and biotic molecules using a combination of machine learning, neural networks and chemoinformatic methods. Using 3,457 enzyme substrates for training and a curated database of 363,872 enzymes from ∼700 gut bacterial strains, GutBug can predict complete EC number of the bacterial enzymes involved in a biotransformation reaction of the given molecule along with the reaction centres with accuracies between 0.78 and 0.97 across different reaction classes. Validation of GutBug's performance using 27 molecules known to be biotransformed by human gut bacteria, including complex polysaccharides, flavonoids, and oral drugs further attests to GutBug's accuracy and utility. Thus, GutBug enhances our understanding of various metabolite-gut bacterial interactions and their resultant effects on the human host health across populations, which will find enormous applications in diet design and intervention, identification and administration of new prebiotics, development of nutraceutical products, and improvements in drug designing. GutBug is available at https://metabiosys.iiserb.ac.in/gutbug.

Genome sequencing and de novo and reference-based genome assemblies of Bos indicus breeds.

BACKGROUND: Indian cattle breeds (Bos indicus) are known for their remarkable adaptability to hot and humid climates, higher nutritious quality of milk, better disease tolerance, and greater ability to perform in poor feed compared to taurine cattle (Bos taurus). Distinct phenotypic differences are observed among the B. indicus breeds; however, the whole genome sequences were unavailable for these indigenous breeds. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to perform whole genome sequencing to construct the draft genome assemblies of four B. indicus breeds; Ongole, Kasargod Dwarf, Kasargod Kapila, and Vechur (the smallest cattle of the world). METHODS: We sequenced the whole genomes using Illumina short-read technology, and constructed de novo and reference-based genome assemblies of these native B. indicus breeds for the first time. RESULTS: The draft de novo genome assemblies of B. indicus breeds ranged from 1.98 to 3.42 Gbp. We also constructed the mitochondrial genome assemblies (~ 16.3 Kbp), and yet unavailable 18S rRNA marker gene sequences of these B. indicus breeds. The genome assemblies helped to identify the bovine genes related to distinct phenotypic characteristics and other biological processes for this species compared to B. taurus, which are plausibly responsible for providing better adaptive traits. We also identified the genes that showed sequence variation in dwarf and non-dwarf breeds of B. indicus compared to B. taurus. CONCLUSIONS: The genome assemblies of these Indian cattle breeds, the 18S rRNA marker genes, and identification of the distinct genes in B. indicus breeds compared to B. taurus will help in future studies on these cattle species.

An In Vitro Comparison of Zirconia and Hybrid Ceramic Crowns With Heavy Chamfer and Shoulder Finish Lines.

Purpose This in vitro study aimed to compare the marginal fit and internal adaptation of computer-aided designed and computer-aided manufactured (CAD-CAM) zirconia and hybrid ceramic crowns on heavy chamfer and shoulder finish line designs using silicon replica method. Materials and methods Forty die samples were divided into four groups of 10 dies each. Out of 40 diecasts scanned, zirconia crowns were milled on 20 casts (10 prepared with shoulder and 10 prepared with heavy chamfer finish line design), while hybrid ceramic crowns were milled on the rest of the 20 casts. After milling crowns, the silicone replica technique measured the marginal fit and internal adaptation. Results The heavy chamfer finish line design provided a better marginal fit than the shoulder finish line design for zirconia and hybrid ceramic crowns. Hybrid ceramic crowns had a better marginal fit and internal adaptation than zirconia crowns, both at heavy chamfer and shoulder finish line design. The gap at the margin was less than the axial and occlusal walls, and the maximum gap was observed in the occlusal area. In addition, the marginal gap was less than the internal gap, which showed a positive correlation with each other. Conclusion The study concluded that the difference in CAD-CAM materials and finish line designs influences marginal fit and crown restoration's internal adaptation. A heavy chamfer finish line design provides a better marginal fit for zirconia and hybrid ceramic crowns than a shoulder finish line design. Hybrid ceramic crowns have a better marginal fit and internal adaptation than zirconia crowns in heavy chamfer and shoulder finish lines.

Exploring variation in the fecal microbial communities of Kasaragod Dwarf and Holstein crossbred cattle.

The gut microbiota and its impact on health and nutrition in animals, including cattle has been of intense interest in recent times. Cattle, in particular indigenous varieties like Kasaragod Dwarf cow, have not received the due consideration given to other non-native cattle breeds, and the composition of their fecal microbiome is yet to be established. This study applied 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of fecal samples and compared the Kasaragod Dwarf with the highly prevalent Holstein crossbred cattle. Variation in their microbial composition was confirmed by marker gene-based taxonomic analysis. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) showed the distinct microbial architecture of the two cattle types. While the two cattle types possess unique signature taxa, in Kasaragod Dwarf cattle, many of the identified genera, including Anaerovibrio, Succinivibrio, Roseburia, Coprococcus, Paludibacter, Sutterella, Coprobacillus, and Ruminobacter, have previously been shown to be present in higher abundance in animals with higher feed efficiency. This is the first report of Kasaragod Dwarf cattle fecal microbiome profiling. Our findings highlight the predominance of specific taxa potentially associated with different fermentation products and feed efficiency phenotypes in Kasaragod Dwarf cattle compared to Holstein crossbred cattle.

Evaluation of clinical and radiographic outcome of friction fit conical abutment system in implant-supported dental prostheses: An in vivo study.

Aim: The purpose of this clinical study was to analyze the clinical feasibility of friction fit conical abutment system in implant-supported fixed dental prostheses as an alternative to cement and screw retention. Settings and Design: This was an in vivo longitudinal study. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 prostheses were designed as 3- or 4-unit fixed dental prostheses supported by two implants. All the subjects selected were evaluated for pocket probing depth (PPD) and marginal bone loss at the time of implant placement (T1), at the time of placement of friction fit prostheses (T2), and 12 months after placement of friction fit prostheses (T3). Marginal bone loss at T2 and T3 was measured with respect to bone levels at T1 and T2, respectively. The patient satisfaction was assessed at T2 and T3 using FDI clinical criteria and scoring system (modified by Monaco et al.). Statistical Analysis Used: Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to test the normality of data. Paired sample t-test was performed for quantitative variables. Results: A total of twenty implants were inserted in ten partially edentulous spaces; the average patient age was 50.2 years. No significant difference was seen between T2 and T3 for PPD. Comparison of marginal bone loss using paired t-test showed a statistically highly significant difference at T2 and T3 with higher value at T2. No prostheses were dislodged during postprosthetic follow-up. The survival rate was 100% for both the abutments and implants. No change in surface luster was observed 12 months following prosthetic rehabilitation in any case. No prostheses or framework fracture was reported and all patients were satisfied with the prosthesis received. Conclusions: Friction fit conical abutment system can act as a novel approach for the retention of implant-supported fixed dental prostheses.

MP4: a machine learning based classification tool for prediction and functional annotation of pathogenic proteins from metagenomic and genomic datasets.

Bacteria can exceptionally evolve and develop pathogenic features making it crucial to determine novel pathogenic proteins for specific therapeutic interventions. Therefore, we have developed a machine-learning tool that predicts and functionally classifies pathogenic proteins into their respective pathogenic classes. Through construction of pathogenic proteins database and optimization of ML algorithms, Support Vector Machine was selected for the model construction. The developed SVM classifier yielded an accuracy of 81.72% on the blind-dataset and classified the proteins into three classes: Non-pathogenic proteins (Class-1), Antibiotic Resistance Proteins and Toxins (Class-2), and Secretory System Associated and capsular proteins (Class-3). The classifier provided an accuracy of 79% on real dataset-1, and 72% on real dataset-2. Based on the probability of prediction, users can estimate the pathogenicity and annotation of proteins under scrutiny. Tool will provide accurate prediction of pathogenic proteins in genomic and metagenomic datasets providing leads for experimental validations. Tool is available at: http://metagenomics.iiserb.ac.in/mp4 .

Guidance Prostheses for Partial Mandibulectomy Patients: A Case Series.

This case series discusses the fabrication of guidance prostheses (GPs) for patients who presented to the Department of Prosthodontics with marked mandibular deviation, resulting in facial disfigurement and deranged occlusion. These GPs guide the mandible to the unresected side to achieve stable occlusion. This case series included three approaches to reducing mandibular deviation: a maxillary guidance ramp, a mandibular guidance prosthesis, and a twin occlusal appliance. These approaches were used in conjunction with a well-planned mandibular exercise regimen. The earlier mandibular guidance therapy is started, the better the outcome. GPs are used until good occlusal relationships and proprioception are restored. These GPs can be discarded or used occasionally once a good occlusal relationship has been achieved.